Is cyberbullying worse than traditional bullying? Examining the differential roles of medium, publicity, and anonymity for the perceived severity of bullying

摘要

Cyberbullying, a modern form of bullying performed using electronic forms of contact (e.g., SMS,\udMMS, Facebook, YouTube), has been considered as being worse than traditional bullying in its consequences for the\udvictim. This difference was mainly attributed to some specific aspect that are believed to distinguish cyberbully-\uding from traditional bullying: an increased potential for a large audience, an increased potential for anonymous bul-\udlying, lower levels of direct feedback, decreased time and space limits, and lower levels of supervision. The present\udstudies investigated the relative importance of medium (traditional vs. cyber), publicity (public vs. private), and\udbully’s anonymity (anonymous vs. not anonymous) for the perceived severity of hypothetical bullying scenarios\udamong a sample of Swiss seventh- and eight-graders (study 1: 49 % female, mean age = 13.7; study 2: 49 % female,\udmean age = 14.2). Participants ranked a set of hypothetical bullying scenarios from the most severe one to the least severe one. The scenarios were experimentally manipulated based on the aspect of medium and publicity (study 1), and medium and anonymity (study 2). Results showed that public scenarios were perceived as worse than private ones, and that anonymous scenarios were perceived as worse than not anonymous ones. Cyber scenarios generally were perceived as worse than traditional ones, although effect sizes were found to be small. These results suggest that the role of medium is secondary to the role of publicity and anonymity when it comes to evaluating bullying severity. Therefore, cyberbullying is not a priori perceived as worse than traditional bullying. Implications of the results for cyberbullying prevention and intervention are\uddiscussed.